语法综述

xlwings的对象模型和VBA的非常相似。

后面所有的示例代码都依赖下面的模块导入语句：

>>> import xlwings as xw

活动对象

# Active app (i.e. Excel instance)
>>> app = xw.apps.active

# Active book
>>> wb = xw.books.active  # in active app
>>> wb = app.books.active  # in specific app

# Active sheet
>>> sheet = xw.sheets.active  # in active book
>>> sheet = wb.sheets.active  # in specific book

A Range can be instantiated with A1 notation, a tuple of Excel's 1-based indices, or a named range:

import xlwings as xw
sheet1 = xw.Book("MyBook.xlsx").sheets[0]

sheet1.range("A1")
sheet1.range("A1:C3")
sheet1.range((1,1))
sheet1.range((1,1), (3,3))
sheet1.range("NamedRange")

# Or using index/slice notation
sheet1["A1"]
sheet1["A1:C3"]
sheet1[0, 0]
sheet1[0:4, 0:4]
sheet1["NamedRange"]

对象的完全限定

Round brackets follow Excel's behavior (i.e. 1-based indexing), while square brackets use Python's 0-based indexing/slicing. As an example, the following expressions all reference the same range:

xw.apps[763].books[0].sheets[0].range('A1')
xw.apps(10559).books(1).sheets(1).range('A1')
xw.apps[763].books['Book1'].sheets['Sheet1'].range('A1')
xw.apps(10559).books('Book1').sheets('Sheet1').range('A1')

Note that the apps keys are different for you as they are the process IDs (PID). You can get the list of your PIDs via xw.apps.keys().

App context manager

If you want to open a new Excel instance via App(), you usually should use App as a context manager as this will make sure that the Excel instance is closed and cleaned up again properly:

with xw.App() as app:
    book = app.books['Book1']

区域索引/切片

区域对象支持索引和切片，下面是一些例子：

>>> myrange = xw.Book().sheets[0].range('A1:D5')
>>> myrange[0, 0]
 <Range [Workbook1]Sheet1!$A$1>
>>> myrange[1]
 <Range [Workbook1]Sheet1!$B$1>
>>> myrange[:, 3:]
<Range [Workbook1]Sheet1!$D$1:$D$5>
>>> myrange[1:3, 1:3]
<Range [Workbook1]Sheet1!$B$2:$C$3>

区域快捷方式

Sheet objects offer a shortcut for range objects by using index/slice notation on the sheet object. This evaluates to either sheet.range or sheet.cells depending on whether you pass a string or indices/slices:

>>> sheet = xw.Book().sheets['Sheet1']
>>> sheet['A1']
<Range [Book1]Sheet1!$A$1>
>>> sheet['A1:B5']
<Range [Book1]Sheet1!$A$1:$B$5>
>>> sheet[0, 1]
<Range [Book1]Sheet1!$B$1>
>>> sheet[:10, :10]
<Range [Book1]Sheet1!$A$1:$J$10>

对象层次结构

下面用一个例子来说明xlwings中从app到range的层次顺序和反过来从range到app的层次顺序：

>>> myrange = xw.apps[10559].books[0].sheets[0].range('A1')
>>> myrange.sheet.book.app
<Excel App 10559>